Monday, July 17, 2017

DNA 16 JULY

MPs, Ministers exchange notes on Doklam 


  • At meeting with Swaraj, Jaitley on Sikkim stand-off, members flag 2016 report on poor state of roads, lack of funds for BRO(Border Road Organisation )
  • Parliamentary Standing Committee on Defence last year had criticised the government for not utilising funds in the Defence budget, and under-allocating the budget for the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) by more than Rs.1,000 crore of the amount requested.
  • Concluding that “to compete with our neighbouring countries, especially with China, India must have latest, state-of-the-art equipment with the Border Roads Organisation”. 
  • The report had said there is an “acute shortage of manpower, both combatant and civilians put together, in the BRO,”   


IISER Kolkata develops reretardant, rust-resistant material

  • Now, paper or other materials coated with a hydrophobic (water hating) hybrid molecular material synthesised by researchers at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata can behave like a lotus leaf and keep the surface clean and waterproof
  • Besides increasing the mechanical strength of the coated paper 1.5 times, the molecular material can inhibit bacterial growth and even render the coated material such as paper or wood fire-proof.
  • The organic-inorganic hybrid material was synthesised by combining polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and diphenylalanine. 
  • The POSS molecule by itself has unique properties such as high thermal stability and fire retarding ability. While both POSS and diphenylalanine are naturally water repelling, the hydrophobic nature gets enhanced when they are combined. 

Corrosion resistance 

  • Testing the hydrophobic nature of the hybrid material and its ability to prevent corrosion, the researchers coated iron nails with the hybrid molecular material and exposed it to water. While the nails that were not coated rusted, those with the coating did not. Coating one half of the nail with the hybrid material, the team found the uncoated portion of the nail rusted in about 12 hours when treated with water; the coated portion remained rust-free. 
  • The nails coated with hybrid solution were able to resist corrosion even when treated with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide and even hydrochloric acid.


Fire-retardant property 

  • Finally, the fire-retardant property of matchsticks coated with the hybrid material was tested. While matchstick with no coating burnt completely, those coated with only POSS to more time to reach the end of the matchstick. But matchsticks coated with the hybrid material were able to extinguish the flame as soon as fire reached the coated portion. 
  • The peptide not only retards the flame but also extinguishes the fire

No substitute for mother’s milk  

  • While scientists grapple to understand the complexity of humanmilk, policymakers in India are grappling with something much more elementary: the need to encourage breastfeeding among new mothers.
Currently, 38% of children are stunted and 35.7% are underweight in India
  • Experts maintain that inappropriate complementary feeding practices are having a significant impact on the nutritional status of children 
  • Despite that, we still see that rates of breastfeeding are going down in higher socio-economic group. This is partly because they can afford to buy alternative feeds and partly because most people don’t understand why it is important to breastfeed
  • The Rapid Survey on Children (Ministry of Women and Child Development, 2015) shows that only 45% infants are now being breastfed within an hour of birth in India and just 65% are being exclusively breastfed as per World Health Organization recommendations. 
  • Further, the NFHS 4 (National Family Health Survey) data reveal that only 42.7% of children received complementary foods at the age of 6-8 months while only 9.6% children received an adequate diet. 
  • Experts say ‘adequate diet’ for a baby of 6-8 months should involved four or more of the following food groups — grains; dairy products; meat; eggs; vitamin A-rich fruitsand vegetables.
  • The India Newborn Action Plan,developed by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare in 2014, is targeting a 75% rate of initiation of breastfeeding within an hour of birth by 2017 and 90% by 2025. 
  • To achieve these rates, there is a need to understand the sophistication of human milk, and enable new mothers to make an informed choice about breastfeeding














No comments:

Post a Comment